Genetics of India - Y-chromosome DNA - Mitochondrial DNA - Research into the Racial Origin of India - Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) is common

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Genetics of India - Y-chromosome DNA - Mitochondrial DNA
Research into the Racial Origin of India - Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) is common

Please Note that we have many articles to prove or disprove the existence of the "Aryans" of India or elsewhere

Y-chromosome DNA :

Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Indian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows where haplogroups R1a, H, R2, L & NOP comprise generally more than 80% of the total chromosomes.[3]

H ~ 30%
R1a ~ 20%
R2 ~ 15%
L ~ 10%
NOP ~ 10%
Other Haplogroups 15%

Mitochondrial DNA :

Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage The Indian mitochondrial DNA which is primarily made up of Haplogroup M [4]

Haplogroup M ~ 60%
Haplogroup UK ~ 15%
Haplogroup N ~ 25% (Excluding UK)

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)

In human genetics, Haplogroup H (M69) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.
This haplogroup is found at a high frequency in Indian Subcontinent. It is generally rare outside of the Indian subcontinent but is common among the Roma people, particularly the H-M82 subgroup.

Origins
It is a branch of Haplogroup F, and is believed to have arisen in India between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago. Its probable site of introduction is India since it is concentrated there. It seems to represent the main Y-haplogroup of the indigenous paleolithic inhabitants of India, because it is the most frequent Y-haplogroup of tribal populations (25-35%). On the other hand, its presence in upper castes is quite rare (ca. 10%) (Cordaux et al. 2004, Sengupta et al. 2006, Thanseem et al. 2006).

Distribution

Asia & Europe
Haplogroup H has been found very rarely outside of the Indian subcontinent & the Roma populations, including approximately 6% (1 out of 17 individuals) H1-M52 in a sample of Kurds from Turkmenistan, 4% (2/53) H1-M52 in a sample of Iranians from Samarkand, 2% (1/56) H1-M52 in a sample of Uzbeks from Bukhara, 3% (2/70) H1-M52 in a sample of Uzbeks from Khorezm, 2% (1/63) H1-M52 in a sample of Uzbeks from the Fergana Valley, 4% (2/45) H1-M52 in a sample of Uzbeks from Samarkand, 12.5% (2/16) H1-M52 in a sample of Tajiks from Dushanbe, 2% (1/41) H1-M52 in a sample of Uyghurs from Kazakhstan, 2% (1/50) H-M69 in a sample of Ukrainians, and 5% (1/20) H-M69 in a sample of Syrians.

The subclade H1a-M82 has also been found in 2.56% (3/117) of a sample of the population of southern Iran (Regueiro et al. 2006). Some instances of haplogroup H have also been found among populations of the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula, including 2.4% (4/164) haplogroup H*(xH1-M52) and 1.8% (3/164) haplogroup H1a-M82 in the United Arab Emirates, 1.4% (1/72) H1a-M82 in Qatar, and approximately 2% H-M69 in Oman. Haplogroup H-M69(xH1-M52) has been found in approximately 2% of Tibetans. The rare subclade H2-Apt has been found in 1/77 = 1.3% of a sample of Greeks.

Indian Subcontinent
Haplogroup H is frequently found among populations of India (approximately 27%), Sri Lanka (approx. 25%), Nepal (approx. 12% in Kathmandu and 6% in Newars), and Pakistan (haplogroup H1-M52 in 4.1% Burusho, 20.5% Kalash, 4.2% Pashtun, 2.5% other Pakistani).

Roma People
Haplogroup H1 is a major lineage cluster in the Roma population 60% (Pericic et al. 2005). A 2-bp deletion at M82 locus defining this haplogroup was also reported in one-third of males from traditional Romani populations living in Bulgaria, Spain, and Lithuania (Gresham et al. 2001). Its ancestral M52 A C transversion was reported in the Vlax Roma (Kalaydjieva et al. 2001) and India (Ramana et al. 2001; Wells et al. 2001; Kivisild et al. 2003). High prevalence of Asian-specific Y chromosome haplogroup H1 supports their Indian origin and a hypothesis of a small number of founders diverging from a single ethnic group in India (Gresham et al. 2001).

This page was made with the help of these two pages in Wikipedia :

Demographics of India

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)

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