The Mitochondrial Eve, the Out of Africa Eve, and the Mitochondrial Haplogroup N - N is characteristic of Europeans and some Eurasians

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The Mitochondrial Eve, the Out of Africa Eve, and the Mitochondrial Haplogroup N - Haplogroup N is characteristic of Europeans and some Eurasians

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All people descend from the Mitochondrial Eve, a single Woman that lived in Africa. - There is another Out-of-Africa Eve that is the Total Mother of the Rest of the World ( Excluding Africa )

The Haplogroup N shown in Gray in the Image is characteristic of the Europeans and some Eurasians.

In human genetics, Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup. An enormous haplogroup spanning many continents, the macro-haplogroup N, like its sibling M, is a descendant of the East African haplogroup L3

All mtDNA haplogroups found outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup N or its sibling haplogroup M. M and N are the signature haplogroups that define the out of Africa migration and the subsequent colonization of the rest of the world. The global distribution of haplogroups N and M, indicates that very likely, there was one particularly major prehistoric migration of humans out of Africa, and both N and M were part of the same colonization process.

Contents
1 Origins
1.1 Asian origin hypothesis
1.2 African origin hypothesis
1.3 Dispersal
2 Distribution
3 Descendants of haplogroup N*
3.1 List of descendants
4 References
5 See also
6 External links

Origins
There is widespread agreement in the scientific community concerning the African ancestry of haplogroup L3 (haplogroup N's parent clade). However, whether or not the mutations which define haplogroup N itself first occurred within Asia or Africa has been a subject for ongoing discussion and study. According to a study by Gonzalez et al.

The out of Africa hypothesis has gained generalized consensus. However, many specific questions remain unsettled. To know whether the two M and N macrohaplogroups that colonized Eurasia were already present in Africa before the exit is puzzling.

The authors of the study also state:

Another related disjunctive yet not settled is whether M and N (and its main branch R) arose inside or outside Africa.

Regarding the presence of haplogroups N in Tanzania, Gonder et al write:

These 2 M and N haplogroup clades included a few Tanzanians (belonging to haplogroups M1, M, N1, and J), suggesting possible recent gene flow back into Africa and/or that ancestors of the Tanzanian populations may have been a source of migration of modern humans from Africa to other regions

Torroni et al 2006 state that Haplogroups M, N and R occurred somewhere between East Africa and the Persian Gulf.

Asian origin hypothesis
Haplogroup N is found in all parts of the world but has low frequencies in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to a number of studies, the presence of Haplogroup N in Africa is most likely the result of back migration from Eurasia.

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Haplogroup N (mtDNA)

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